Research Questions That Could Have a Big Social Impact, Organised by Discipline

@tags:: #lit✍/📰️article/highlights
@links:: ideas, research questions, social impact,
@ref:: Research Questions That Could Have a Big Social Impact, Organised by Discipline
@author:: 80000hours.org

=this.file.name

Book cover of "Research Questions That Could Have a Big Social Impact, Organised by Discipline"

Reference

Notes

About these research questions

Biology and genetics

Quote

Research and develop methods for genetically engineering or breeding crops that could thrive in the tropics during a nuclear winter scenario (Adapted from ALLFED, Effective Theses Topic Ideas)
- No location available
-

Business and organisational development

Quote

How should altruistic/philanthropic actors coordinate when there are projects they’d both like to see happen but would both prefer that the other do/fund? (Adapted from Luke Muehlhauser (writing for Open Philanthropy), Technical and Philosophical Questions That Might Affect our Grantmaking)
- No location available
-

Quote

What forecasting methods used by private corporations can be adapted for use by altruistic actors?
- No location available
-

Quote

What is the state of the art for making crucial data and information visible and salient to leaders at large private corporations? Can these techniques be adapted into interfaces that keep relevant decision makers up to date with the most important information about deployed AI? (Inspired by Richard Ngo, Technical AGI safety research outside AI)
- No location available
-
- [note::This seems related to the chat I had with Michael Johnston about using web scrapers to monitor company welfare commitments]

China studies

Quote

Why have certain aspects of Chinese civilisation been so long-lasting? Are there any lessons we can draw from this about what makes for highly resilient institutions, cultures, or schools of thought? (Inspired by personal correspondence with an expert)
- No location available
-

Climate studies and earth sciences

Quote

Under what scenarios could climate change be an existential catastrophe? E.g. through runaway or moist greenhouse effects, permafrost, methane clathrate, or cloud feedbacks? How likely are these scenarios? (Toby Ord, The Precipice, Appendix F)
- No location available
-

Quote

More generally, what environmental problems — if any — pose existential risks? (Adapted from Effective Thesis)
- No location available
- existential_risks, ideas/research,

Quote

What are potential risks from geoengineering technologies and which of these technologies — if any — might be promising for mitigating climate change?
- No location available
-

Cognitive science and neuroscience

Quote

What are the best and cheapest underexplored treatments for cluster headaches and other extremely painful conditions? What does this imply about the causes of extreme suffering? (Adapted from Qualia Research Institute, Volunteer page)
- No location available
-

Economics

Quote

What is the optimal design of international institutions that are formed to increase global public goods or decrease global public bads? (Global Priorities Institute, Research Agenda)
- No location available
-

Epidemiology, synthetic biology, and medicine

Global Priorities Research

Quote

How should altruistic/philanthropic actors coordinate when there are projects they’d both like to see happen but would both prefer that the other do/fund? (Inspired by Luke Muehlhauser (writing for Open Philanthropy), Technical and Philosophical Questions That Might Affect our Grantmaking)
- No location available
-

Quote

How much do global issues differ in how cost-effective the most cost-effective interventions within them are?
- No location available
-

History

Quote

What were the biggest and most long-lasting changes in cultural value systems throughout history? How did they happen and why? (Inspired by Effective Thesis)
- No location available
-

Quote

How frequently and to what extent have technologies caused discontinuous progress on relevant metrics? What are some technologies that have caused these discontinuities? (AI Impacts, Promising research projects)
- No location available
-

Quote

How many — if any — significant historical successes have come from people explicitly trying to address challenges 30+ years away? What about in the distant future? (Adapted from Nick Beckstead, How to Compare Broad and Targeted Attempts to Shape the Far Future, slide 36)
- No location available
-

Quote

What factors have encouraged companies and countries to engage in risk-taking behaviour and arms races? (Center on Long-Term Risk, Open Research Questions)
- No location available
-

Quote

Generate case studies of successes and failures in the history of technological regulation and governance (Adapted from Michael Aird, Some history topics it might be very valuable to investigate). See Katja Grace’s research on the Asilomar Conference and Leó Szilárd for examples of doing this kind of research outside of history academia.
- No location available
- tech governance, progress studies, tech regulation,

Law

Quote

What case studies are there for legal rights or other protections being won for beings that didn’t and wouldn’t ever have the right to vote, and what lessons do these have for animal welfare?
- No location available
-

Machine learning, artificial intelligence, and computer science

Quote

How can “progress” in AI research effectively be tracked and measured? What progress points would signal important technological milestones or the need for a change in approach? (CNAS, Artificial Intelligence and Global Security Initiative Research Agenda) (See also: the “Assessing AI Progress” section of Centre for the Governance of AI’s research agenda (page 21))
- No location available
-

Philosophy

Quote

What are the best heuristics for reliably identifying experts on a topic, or choosing what to believe when apparent experts disagree?
- No location available
-

Physics and astronomy

Political science, international relations, and security studies

Quote

What types or features of institutions could help enable the representation of the interests of future generations and/or sentient nonhumans in political processes?
- No location available
-

Quote

How will geopolitical, bureaucratic, cultural, or other factors affect how actors choose to adopt AI technology for military or security purposes? (CNAS, Artificial Intelligence and Global Security Initiative Research Agenda)
- No location available
-

Psychology

Public policy

Quote

What are the best methodologies for evaluating policy options for unprecedented future scenarios? (Inspired by Max Stauffer et al., Research Directions on Improving Policy-making)
- No location available
- policymaking, emerging_technology,

Quote

What regulatory and other government approaches can prevent AI technologies from being misused? For example, how — if at all — could compliance with a treaty agreeing to restrictions on the development of lethal autonomous weapons be reliably verified? (Adapted from CNAS, Artificial Intelligence and Global Security Initiative Research Agenda)
- No location available
-

Science policy/infrastructure and metascience

Quote

The replication crisis has cast into doubt important research findings, such as the Stanford prison experiment. What other socially important findings have been undermined? How should we interpret scientific literature post-crisis? (Inspired by Scott Alexander, answer to What are the open problems in human rationality?)
- No location available
-

Quote

What disciplinary norms from across different disciplines and traditions lead to the most — and most socially responsible — scientific progress? (Inspired by Richard Ngo, Technical AGI safety research outside AI)
- No location available
-

Quote

What are the best policies for handling ‘information hazards’ from dual-use research?
- No location available
-

Sociology

Quote

Generate case studies of successes and failures by social movements (e.g. the anti-GMO movement, the anti-nuclear weapons movement, or the LGBTQ movement) — what happened and how? (Inspired by Sentience Institute, Research agenda)
- No location available
-

Quote

Why are some values, institutions, and organisations extremely durable — lasting hundreds of years (e.g. academia) — whereas others change frequently? What are the social mechanisms that explain this? (Effective Thesis)
- No location available
-

Quote

Case studies into how institutions and organisations make big, important decisions, or respond to catastrophes.
- No location available
-

Statistics and mathematics

Sources


dg-publish: true
created: 2024-07-01
modified: 2024-07-01
title: Research Questions That Could Have a Big Social Impact, Organised by Discipline
source: hypothesis

@tags:: #lit✍/📰️article/highlights
@links:: ideas, research questions, social impact,
@ref:: Research Questions That Could Have a Big Social Impact, Organised by Discipline
@author:: 80000hours.org

=this.file.name

Book cover of "Research Questions That Could Have a Big Social Impact, Organised by Discipline"

Reference

Notes

About these research questions

Biology and genetics

Quote

Research and develop methods for genetically engineering or breeding crops that could thrive in the tropics during a nuclear winter scenario (Adapted from ALLFED, Effective Theses Topic Ideas)
- No location available
-

Business and organisational development

Quote

How should altruistic/philanthropic actors coordinate when there are projects they’d both like to see happen but would both prefer that the other do/fund? (Adapted from Luke Muehlhauser (writing for Open Philanthropy), Technical and Philosophical Questions That Might Affect our Grantmaking)
- No location available
-

Quote

What forecasting methods used by private corporations can be adapted for use by altruistic actors?
- No location available
-

Quote

What is the state of the art for making crucial data and information visible and salient to leaders at large private corporations? Can these techniques be adapted into interfaces that keep relevant decision makers up to date with the most important information about deployed AI? (Inspired by Richard Ngo, Technical AGI safety research outside AI)
- No location available
-
- [note::This seems related to the chat I had with Michael Johnston about using web scrapers to monitor company welfare commitments]

China studies

Quote

Why have certain aspects of Chinese civilisation been so long-lasting? Are there any lessons we can draw from this about what makes for highly resilient institutions, cultures, or schools of thought? (Inspired by personal correspondence with an expert)
- No location available
-

Climate studies and earth sciences

Quote

Under what scenarios could climate change be an existential catastrophe? E.g. through runaway or moist greenhouse effects, permafrost, methane clathrate, or cloud feedbacks? How likely are these scenarios? (Toby Ord, The Precipice, Appendix F)
- No location available
-

Quote

More generally, what environmental problems — if any — pose existential risks? (Adapted from Effective Thesis)
- No location available
- existential_risks, ideas/research,

Quote

What are potential risks from geoengineering technologies and which of these technologies — if any — might be promising for mitigating climate change?
- No location available
-

Cognitive science and neuroscience

Quote

What are the best and cheapest underexplored treatments for cluster headaches and other extremely painful conditions? What does this imply about the causes of extreme suffering? (Adapted from Qualia Research Institute, Volunteer page)
- No location available
-

Economics

Quote

What is the optimal design of international institutions that are formed to increase global public goods or decrease global public bads? (Global Priorities Institute, Research Agenda)
- No location available
-

Epidemiology, synthetic biology, and medicine

Global Priorities Research

Quote

How should altruistic/philanthropic actors coordinate when there are projects they’d both like to see happen but would both prefer that the other do/fund? (Inspired by Luke Muehlhauser (writing for Open Philanthropy), Technical and Philosophical Questions That Might Affect our Grantmaking)
- No location available
-

Quote

How much do global issues differ in how cost-effective the most cost-effective interventions within them are?
- No location available
-

History

Quote

What were the biggest and most long-lasting changes in cultural value systems throughout history? How did they happen and why? (Inspired by Effective Thesis)
- No location available
-

Quote

How frequently and to what extent have technologies caused discontinuous progress on relevant metrics? What are some technologies that have caused these discontinuities? (AI Impacts, Promising research projects)
- No location available
-

Quote

How many — if any — significant historical successes have come from people explicitly trying to address challenges 30+ years away? What about in the distant future? (Adapted from Nick Beckstead, How to Compare Broad and Targeted Attempts to Shape the Far Future, slide 36)
- No location available
-

Quote

What factors have encouraged companies and countries to engage in risk-taking behaviour and arms races? (Center on Long-Term Risk, Open Research Questions)
- No location available
-

Quote

Generate case studies of successes and failures in the history of technological regulation and governance (Adapted from Michael Aird, Some history topics it might be very valuable to investigate). See Katja Grace’s research on the Asilomar Conference and Leó Szilárd for examples of doing this kind of research outside of history academia.
- No location available
- tech governance, progress studies, tech regulation,

Law

Quote

What case studies are there for legal rights or other protections being won for beings that didn’t and wouldn’t ever have the right to vote, and what lessons do these have for animal welfare?
- No location available
-

Machine learning, artificial intelligence, and computer science

Quote

How can “progress” in AI research effectively be tracked and measured? What progress points would signal important technological milestones or the need for a change in approach? (CNAS, Artificial Intelligence and Global Security Initiative Research Agenda) (See also: the “Assessing AI Progress” section of Centre for the Governance of AI’s research agenda (page 21))
- No location available
-

Philosophy

Quote

What are the best heuristics for reliably identifying experts on a topic, or choosing what to believe when apparent experts disagree?
- No location available
-

Physics and astronomy

Political science, international relations, and security studies

Quote

What types or features of institutions could help enable the representation of the interests of future generations and/or sentient nonhumans in political processes?
- No location available
-

Quote

How will geopolitical, bureaucratic, cultural, or other factors affect how actors choose to adopt AI technology for military or security purposes? (CNAS, Artificial Intelligence and Global Security Initiative Research Agenda)
- No location available
-

Psychology

Public policy

Quote

What are the best methodologies for evaluating policy options for unprecedented future scenarios? (Inspired by Max Stauffer et al., Research Directions on Improving Policy-making)
- No location available
- policymaking, emerging_technology,

Quote

What regulatory and other government approaches can prevent AI technologies from being misused? For example, how — if at all — could compliance with a treaty agreeing to restrictions on the development of lethal autonomous weapons be reliably verified? (Adapted from CNAS, Artificial Intelligence and Global Security Initiative Research Agenda)
- No location available
-

Science policy/infrastructure and metascience

Quote

The replication crisis has cast into doubt important research findings, such as the Stanford prison experiment. What other socially important findings have been undermined? How should we interpret scientific literature post-crisis? (Inspired by Scott Alexander, answer to What are the open problems in human rationality?)
- No location available
-

Quote

What disciplinary norms from across different disciplines and traditions lead to the most — and most socially responsible — scientific progress? (Inspired by Richard Ngo, Technical AGI safety research outside AI)
- No location available
-

Quote

What are the best policies for handling ‘information hazards’ from dual-use research?
- No location available
-

Sociology

Quote

Generate case studies of successes and failures by social movements (e.g. the anti-GMO movement, the anti-nuclear weapons movement, or the LGBTQ movement) — what happened and how? (Inspired by Sentience Institute, Research agenda)
- No location available
-

Quote

Why are some values, institutions, and organisations extremely durable — lasting hundreds of years (e.g. academia) — whereas others change frequently? What are the social mechanisms that explain this? (Effective Thesis)
- No location available
-

Quote

Case studies into how institutions and organisations make big, important decisions, or respond to catastrophes.
- No location available
-

Statistics and mathematics

Sources